The subject of Danièle Huillet and Jean-Marie Straub’s Der Tod des Empedokles (The Death of Empedocles, 1987) is the Greek pre-Socratic philosopher Empedocles (c. 490 BC – 430 BC), who lived in the Greek colony of Agrigentum in Sicily. His theories are mentioned in several of Plato’s dialogues. He maintained that all matter is made up of four irreducible elements water, earth, air and fire. A mystic and a poet, he is considered to be the founder of classical rhetoric. He is also thought to be the last Greek philosopher to write in verse; two fragments of his works survive Katharmoi (Purifications) and Peri Phuseôs (On Nature). An advocate of democracy, he came into conflict with his fellow citizens of Agrigentum and, as result, was banished with his young disciple, Pausanius. When he was asked to return, he preferred to commit suicide by throwing himself into the active volcano at Mount Aetna. The German writer Friedrich Hölderlin wrote two versions of Der Tod des Empedokles in 1798 and 1800, and a final third version in 1820, all three ultimately unfinished. They were conceived as five-act tragedies and all three differ in plot. According to Michael Hamburger, Hölderlin’s English-language translator, the main reason why Hölderlin finished no version of the play must be that he remained too closely identified with Empedocles, at the very period in his life when his own view of the poet as philosopher, prophet and priest – and as tragic hero – was subject to perpetual crisis and re-examination. Huillet-Straub’s The Death of Empedocles is based on Hölderlin’s first version (the longest of the three), whereas Black Sin is based on the third version.
米凯莱·莫罗尼 安娜·玛丽亚·西克拉克 布罗尼斯拉夫瓦格拉斯基 欧塔萨拉利泽 玛格达莱娜·朗帕斯卡 娜塔莎·厄本斯卡 格拉日娜·沙波沃夫斯卡 托马斯施托金格 马特乌斯·拉索夫斯基 阿格尼斯·瓦丘尔斯卡 普热米斯瓦夫·萨多夫斯基 迈克·米柯拉哈克萨克 马特乌什格瑞特莱克 娜塔莉·加诺塞克 阿图尔克鲁泽克 斯蒂法诺特拉扎诺 托马斯·曼丁斯 斯拉沃米尔曼奈斯 布兰卡·利平斯卡 Gianni Parisi Andrea Batti
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